The molecular pathway of silicon (Si) in plants
Silicon is not considered an essential element, but plants that accumulate it derive several benefits from doing so.
🌾 Many plant species, particularly grasses, including rice, are rich in silicon, which can account for as much as 10% of the plant’s dry weight.
🎯 The effects of silicon include three key benefits for plants that accumulate silica:
Increased resistance to stress factors (biotic and abiotic stresses),
Enhanced ability to absorb sunlight,
Efficient water management.
🧪 The silicon pathway begins with the uptake of orthosilicic acid by aquaporins from the NIP family (unique protein channels) in the roots.
🍃 The next stage involves a biomineralization process that occurs in the leaves and shoots, during which silicic acid is converted into solid, amorphous silica (SiO₂ · nH₂O) and deposited in the cell walls.
🚧 The layers of silicon act as a kind of mechanical reinforcement and a natural barrier that mitigates the negative effects of water stress and pathogens and deters herbivores.
📈 Overall, silicon strengthens plant resilience, optimizes physiological processes, and supports plant performance under diverse and challenging environmental conditions.
Source: van der Berg et al. 2021 doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167226
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